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Benjamin Abeles
Benjamin Abeles (born 1925) is a physicist whose research in the 1960s in the USA on germanium-silicon alloys led to the technology used to power space probes such as the Voyager spacecraft. He grew up in Austria and Czechoslovakia, arriving in the UK in 1939 on one of the ''kindertransport'' missions. He completed his education after the war in Czechoslovakia and Israel (from 1949), obtaining a doctorate in physics. He then lived and worked as a research physicist in the USA, retiring in 1995. His honours include the 1979 Stuart Ballantine Medal and his induction into the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame (1991).
==Early life and education==
Born in Vienna in 1925, Abeles lived in Czechoslovakia from 1934.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wintonovo dítě vyvinulo zdroj energie pro kosmické sondy )〕 In July 1939, aged 14, he was one of hundreds of Jewish children brought from Prague to London through the efforts of British humanitarian Nicholas Winton, an example of the various ''kindertransport'' missions that saved many such children from the impending dangers of World War II and the Holocaust.〔 Aged 15 he worked as a waiter and took correspondence courses in English, mathematics, physics and chemistry. At the age of 18, Abeles served as a mechanic in the war as part of No. 311 Squadron RAF.〔 After the war he returned to Czechoslovakia and studied at Charles University in Prague and Czech Technical University in Prague, before moving to Israel in 1949 to study for his doctorate in Jerusalem.〔 His thesis, published in 1955, was titled 'The Galvanomagnetic Effects in Bismuth and Bi-Sn Alloys'.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=התופעות הגלונומגנטיות בביסמוט ונתכי ביסמוט-בדיל )〕
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